Stair & Staircase Regulations
This page will provide you with a basic guide to current stair and staircase regulation in the UK for residential and commercial properties.You should always ensure any structural additions to your property meets all the current regulation for safety and to avoid having to make costly changes later in your project. If in doubt over any regulations you should always consult a building inspector. Information provided here covers staircase regulations for dimensions and steepness, stair construction, headroom space required, winders and landings on stairs, handrail specifications and more. Pears Stairs are able to assist you with any staircase regulation questions you have, please don't hesitate to contact us. Phone Pear Stairs on 01938 553311. To guarantee compliance with Building Regulations (Part K: Protection from falling, collision and impact), all staircases must be designed, constructed and installed safely. These stair regulations stipulate that all staircase steps should be level. They also state that – other than in domestic dwellings – you should use solid risers, as opposed to open risers, as they remove the possibility of a foot or walking aid being caught beneath a tread. Sound a little daunting? Rest assured, the Pear Stairs team is always on hand and are happy to provide advice and guidance. Below is a comprehensive guide to staircase regulations but, if you have any additional questions, please feel free to call us on 01938 553 311 or email webenquiries@pearstairs.co.uk and we’ll get back to you as soon as possible.
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Why not use our 3D staircase creator to build your staircase and we will check building regulation for you?To assist you with your design ideas, budget calculation and any regulations, why not use our simple step-by-step 3D Stair Creator tool, and our team of designers will provide accurate drawings and costings, and of course advice upon receipt of your concept design. We ensure our designs meet building regulations.
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Categories under the Staircase Building RegulationsThe staircase building regulations consider three categories. Private Staircase- for a domestic property. Utility - are for serving a place where a substantial number of people will gather.(Public Staircase). General Access- are defined as offices, disabled, factories and common stairs serving more than one dwelling. (Semi-Public Staircase).
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The Construction of Steps |
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Building regulations stipulate that staircase steps should all be level. Nosing on steps In a private dwelling, regulations require a nosing overlap of at least 16mm. Nosings of steps should be at least 16mm. Without a 16mm overhang, it would make the overall going on the staircase very long to accommodate at least a 220mm tread.
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Public access stairs Building inspectors are now asking for no nosings on staircases for offices, flats or other public stairs. Flush nosings should be used on public stairs when a passenger lift is not provided.This is to eliminate the trip hazard of standard nosings that overhang the risers. The rise should be between 150mm and 170mm and going between 250mm and 450mm. Some building inspectors are avoiding any steps into a building and are insisting on ramps. Please check with building inspector for your individual requirements. |
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Building Regulations for the Steepness of Stairs |
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ALL steps must have the same rise. You cannot have, for example, have 200mm for the first three risers and 205mm for the remainder. However, if there is a flat landing between a staircase it can be interpreted that you can have a different rise and going on the bottom flight to the top. Pear Stairs do not recommend this practice. It is not considered excellent practice. Rises that are not exactly the same height are a serious fall risk.
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The Maximum Rise And Minimum Going of stairs |
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Private Staircase (Domestic) Max Rise = 220mm, min going 220mm. Utility (Public) Max Rise = 190mm, min going 250mm. General Access (Semi-Public) Max Rise =170mm, min going 250mm. Please Note - that your stair tread cannot be too long or the riser too short because building regulations also state: Twice the rise plus the going (2R+G) should be between 550mm and 700mm. |
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Pitch of Stairs |
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The maximum pitch of stairs Private Staircase(Domestic) = 42° Maximum. Utility (Public) = 38° Maximum. General Access (Semi Public) = 33° Maximum.
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Minimum Width of Staircase |
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There are no recommendations as to the minimum width of a staircase - Yes Really! There are rules for direct fire escapes and disabled access and you will have to consult Part M of the building regulations Building Regulations Part M and talk to your building control officer who can interpret these rules differently. However, Pear Stairs recommend: To make a staircase visually pleasing and comfortable we would recommend that you don’t try to have a staircase narrower than 860mm overall string.
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Maximum Width and length of Staircases |
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The maximum width of a public staircase is 1800mm. To overcome this you can simply add an extra handrail, newel and spindles to divide the staircase. Please note: If stairs are more than 1000mm wide you must have a handrail on both sides.
Length of Staircase For domestic properties, there are no restrictions as to the length of a flight up to 36 risers. Above 36 risers there should be a change of direction of at least 30°. For public buildings for assembly purposes then the number of risers are restricted to 16. |
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Regulations for Landings |
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Landings on stairs 1. Landings must be provided at the top and bottom of every flight of stairs. 2. The landing distance in front of the top and bottom step must be wider than the width of the staircase. 3. No door should swing closer than 400mm onto the front of any step. 4. All landings should be level other than the ground floor level which can have a gradient but not exceeding 1:20.
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Stairs That Change Direction with a Winder Box |
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Regulations for Winder steps For most staircases, the building regulations require the centre of the staircase dimension “A” above must be equal length and also be the same or bigger than the dimension as the going on the straight flight of the staircase “B”. If the staircase is wider than 1000mm then seek Pear Stairs help. |
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Handrails for staircases - Regulations for Handrails and Balustrade |
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Stairs should have a handrail on at least one side if they are less than 1m wide. They should have a handrail on both sides if they are wider than 1m. You do not need a handrail on the first two steps up. Handrail heights In all the buildings handrail height should be between 900mm and 1000mm measured to the top of the handrail to the pitch line.
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Handrail spindles for stairs and landings A 100mm sphere cannot pass through any openings between spindles or any other gaps in the handrail, such as between glass panels. The aim is that a small child's head should not be able to fit through any gaps on the balustrade. Staircase Building Regulations are covered by further regulations parts M1 and M2.
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Head Room for Stairs |
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A headroom of at least 2m is required at all points on and off a staircase and as you pass down a staircase.
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Headroom for Loft Conversions |
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For loft conversions, the headroom will pass the building regulations if the centre of the stair width is 1.9m reducing to 1.8m at the side of the stair.
Please Note - Where there are real difficulties in the height some building control officers will allow you to build a newel out from the wall to meet the regulations. This does make the staircase narrower but this may be the only option. |
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Regulations for Stairs with Open Risers |
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Open space between risers All stairs which have open risers should be constructed so that a 100mm sphere cannot pass through. This regulation has been stipulated by the government in order that children’s heads cannot get stuck in any opening. For public stairs, regulations are currently asking for no open risers. |
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Space Saver Staircases (Alternating tread stairs) |
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These are staircases that break the rule of “a maximum pitch of 42°”, and are generally used when space is limited. The use of these staircases are quite often interpreted differently by different building Inspectors, they do not like their use. The building regulation rules state that they can be used to a single room only if there is no other alternative. |
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The maximum rise for space saving stairs is 220mm and the minimum going is 220mm. You should fit a handrail to both sides of spacesaver stairs. |
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Pears Stairs are able to assist you with any staircase regulation questions you have, please don't hesitate to contact us, we are a very friendly company. Phone Pear Stairs on 01938 553311. We pride ourselves on being extremely knowledgeable on stair regulations, but for in-depth technical support and the very latest advice on staircase regulations in the UK, we would always advise you to consult a building inspector. We also sell high-quality oak doors through one of our other group websites. We offer a huge selection at great prices. Why not refurbish your doors and stairs! Shop now for XL Joinery Doors
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UK Staircase Building Regulations
It is vital that structural additions to a property adhere to current building and safety regulations, not doing so can result in expensive enforced changes being made to a project. If you are in any doubt over regulations, always consult a qualified building inspector. In this section we will cover regulations pertaining to staircases, including; staircase dimensions, staircase steepness, required headroom space, winder restrictions, landing regulations, handrail specifications, staircase pitch and more. To guarantee compliance with Building Regulations (Part K: Protection from falling, collision and impact), all staircases must be designed, constructed and installed safely. These stair regulations stipulate that all staircase steps should be level. They also state that – other than in domestic dwellings – you should use solid risers, as opposed to open risers, as they remove the possibility of a foot or walking aid being caught beneath a tread.
If you have any questions about staircase regulations you can always run them past the Pear Stairs Design Team, available at webenquiries@pearstairs.co.uk or on 01938 553311.
Choose the Staircase Regulations that Apply to your Project: Private, Public or General Access
- Private (Domestic) Staircase Regulations
- Public (Utility) Staircase Regulations
- General Access (Semi-Public) Staircase Regulations
UK Private (Domestic) Staircase Regulations
Construction of Steps
Steps should all be level and in a private/domestic property, nosing overlaps must be at least 16mm. Please check with a building inspector for your individual requirements. If you require an exterior ramp, try the Interclamp Barrier Handrail System for an affordable handrail solution.
Regulations for Staircase Riser Consistency
All steps must have the same rise. You cannot, for example, have 200mm for the first three risers and 205mm for the remainder. However, if there is a flat landing breaking up a staircase theses staircases can have differing rises and goings. Pear Stairs does not recommend this practice as it can pose a fall risk.
Maximum Rise and Minimum Going of Stairs
Domestic (Private)
Maximum Rise: 220mm.
Minimum Going: 220mm.
Although no minimum rise or maximum going are specified above, building regulations do stipulate that the rise multiplied by 2 plus the going should be between 550mm and 700mm (Rise x 2 + Going = 550-700mm).
To shop for wooden staircase treads, click here.
Staircase Pitch Regulations
The maximum pitch of private (domestic) stairs is: 42° Maximum.
Minimum Staircase Width
There are no recommendations as to the minimum width of a staircase, however Pear Stairs recommend not having a staircase narrower than 860mm overall string.
There are also rules for direct fire escapes and disabled access which are detailed in UK Building Regulations Part M, we recommend this matter be discussed with a building control officer.
Minimum Staircase Width & Length
The maximum width of a public staircase is 1800mm. To overcome this you can simply add an extra handrail, newel and spindles to divide the staircase.
If stairs are more than 1000mm wide it must have a handrail on both sides.
Length of Staircase
For domestic properties, there are no restrictions as to the length of a flight up to 36 risers. Above 36 risers there should be a change of direction of at least 30°.
UK Staircase Landing Regulations
1. Landings must be provided at the top and bottom of every flight of stairs.
2. The landing distance in front of the top and bottom step must be longer than the width of the staircase (see diagram).
3. No door should swing closer than 400mm onto the front of any step.
4. All landings should be level other than the ground floor level which can have a gradient but not exceeding 1:20/2.86°/5%.
UK Staircase Winder Regulations
For most staircases, the building regulations require the centre of the winder tread depth (dimension “A”) must be equal to or larger than the depth of the going on the straight flight (dimension "B"). If the staircase is wider than 1000mm, call the Pear Stairs for assistance on 01938 553311. To shop for stair parts, click here.
UK Regulations for Handrails & Balustrades
Stairs should have a handrail on at least one side if they are less than 1metre wide, or both sides if they are wider. Stairs do not need a handrail on the bottom two steps.
In all the buildings handrail height should be between 900mm and 1000mm measured from the top of the handrail to the pitch line.
Handrail Spindle Spacing for Stairs and Landings
Regulations stipulate that a 100mm sphere should not be able to pass through any openings between spindles or any other gaps in the handrail, such as between glass panels. This is to prevent small children from getting their head stuck.
Staircase Building Regulations are covered by further regulations parts M1 and M2 that sould be discussed with a Building Inspector.
UK Staircase Headroom Requirements
A headroom of at least 2m is required at all points on and off a staircase and as you pass down a staircase.
Loft Conversion Headroom
For loft conversions, the headroom can be a minimum of 1.8metres at the low-ceiling side of the stairs and a minimum of 1.9metres in the centre of the staircase width.
If difficulties arise, some building control officers may allow you to build a newel out from the wall to meet the regulations. This does make the staircase narrower but may be the only option.
Regulations for Open Riser Staircases
Much like with spindle spacing, a 100mm sphere should not be able to pass through an open riser space. For public stairs, open risers are not allowed at all.
Space Saver Staircase (AKA Paddle Stairs) Regulations
These are staircases that break the rule of “a maximum pitch of 42°”, and are generally used when space is limited.
The use of these stairs is not encouraged for a property, they can only be used to access a single room and only when there is no alternative. They are also prohbited in public properties.
This means that most Building Inspectors do not like them but they are extremely useful for loft conversions where space is limited.
Space saver stairs have a maximum rise of 220mm and a minimum going of 220mm. A handrail is also required on both sides of a space saver staircase.
Due to the specialist nature of a space saver staircase, we advise contacting our design team directly to discuss the matter.
For more on Space Saver (Paddle) stairs, click here.
UK Public (Utility) Staircase Regulations
Construction of Steps
Steps should all be level and there should not be any nosings on staircases for offices, flats or other public stairs. Flush nosings should be used on public stairs when a passenger lift is not provided. This is to eliminate the trip hazard of standard nosings that overhang the risers. The rise should be between 150mm and 170mm and going between 250mm and 450mm. Sometimes a ramp will be required instead of a staircase for a building entrance. Please check with a building inspector for your individual requirements. If you require an exterior ramp, try the Interclamp Barrier Handrail System for an affordable handrail solution.
Regulations for Staircase Riser Consistency
All steps must have the same rise. You cannot, for example, have 200mm for the first three risers and 205mm for the remainder. However, if there is a flat landing breaking up a staircase theses staircases can have differing rises and goings. Pear Stairs does not recommend this practice as it can pose a fall risk.
Maximum Rise and Minimum Going of Stairs
Utility (Public)
Maximum Rise: 190mm.
Minimum Going: 250mm.
Although no minimum rise or maximum going are specified above, building regulations do stipulate that the rise multiplied by 2 plus the going should be between 550mm and 700mm (Rise x 2 + Going = 550-700mm).
Staircase Pitch Regulations
The maximum pitch of public (utility) stairs is: 33° Maximum.
Minimum Staircase Width
There are no recommendations as to the minimum width of a staircase, however Pear Stairs recommend not having a staircase narrower than 860mm overall string.
There are also rules for direct fire escapes and disabled access which are detailed in UK Building Regulations Part M, we recommend this matter be discussed with a building control officer.
Minimum Staircase Width & Length
The maximum width of a public staircase is 1800mm. To overcome this you can simply add an extra handrail, newel and spindles to divide the staircase.
If stairs are more than 1000mm wide it must have a handrail on both sides.
Length of Staircase
For public buildings the length of a staircase is limited to 16 risers maximum.
UK Staircase Landing Regulations
1. Landings must be provided at the top and bottom of every flight of stairs.
2. The landing distance in front of the top and bottom step must be longer than the width of the staircase (see diagram).
3. No door should swing closer than 400mm onto the front of any step.
4. All landings should be level other than the ground floor level which can have a gradient but not exceeding 1:20/2.86°/5%.
UK Staircase Winder Regulations
For most staircases, the building regulations require the centre of the winder tread depth (dimension “A”) must be equal to or larger than the depth of the going on the straight flight (dimension "B"). If the staircase is wider than 1000mm, call the Pear Stairs for assistance on 01938 553311.
UK Regulations for Handrails & Balustrades
Stairs should have a handrail on at least one side if they are less than 1metre wide, or both sides if they are wider. Stairs do not need a handrail on the bottom two steps.
In all the buildings handrail height should be between 900mm and 1000mm measured from the top of the handrail to the pitch line.
Handrail Spindle Spacing for Stairs and Landings
Regulations stipulate that a 100mm sphere should not be able to pass through any openings between spindles or any other gaps in the handrail, such as between glass panels. This is to prevent small children from getting their head stuck.
Staircase Building Regulations are covered by further regulations parts M1 and M2 that sould be discussed with a Building Inspector.
UK Staircase Headroom Requirements
A headroom of at least 2m is required at all points on and off a staircase and as you pass down a staircase.
Loft Conversion Headroom
For loft conversions, the headroom can be a minimum of 1.8metres at the low-ceiling side of the stairs and a minimum of 1.9metres in the centre of the staircase width.
If difficulties arise, some building control officers may allow you to build a newel out from the wall to meet the regulations. This does make the staircase narrower but may be the only option.
Regulations for Open Riser Staircases
For public stairs, open risers are not allowed at all, though glass risers can be used to achieve a similar aesthetic.
UK General Access (Semi-Public) Staircase Regulations
Construction of Steps
Steps should all be level and there should not be any nosings on staircases for offices, flats or other public stairs. Flush nosings should be used on public stairs when a passenger lift is not provided. This is to eliminate the trip hazard of standard nosings that overhang the risers. The rise should be between 150mm and 170mm and going between 250mm and 450mm. Sometimes a ramp will be required instead of a staircase for a building entrance. Please check with a building inspector for your individual requirements. If you require an exterior ramp, try the Interclamp Barrier Handrail System for an affordable handrail solution.
Regulations for Staircase Riser Consistency
All steps must have the same rise. You cannot, for example, have 200mm for the first three risers and 205mm for the remainder. However, if there is a flat landing breaking up a staircase theses staircases can have differing rises and goings. Pear Stairs does not recommend this practice as it can pose a fall risk.
Maximum Rise and Minimum Going of Stairs
General Access (Semi-Public)
Maximum Rise: 170m.
Minimum Going: 250mm.
Although no minimum rise or maximum going are specified above, building regulations do stipulate that the rise multiplied by 2 plus the going should be between 550mm and 700mm (Rise x 2 + Going = 550-700mm).
Staircase Pitch Regulations
The maximum pitch of general access (semi-public) stairs is: 38° Maximum.
Minimum Staircase Width
There are no recommendations as to the minimum width of a staircase, however Pear Stairs recommend not having a staircase narrower than 860mm overall string.
There are also rules for direct fire escapes and disabled access which are detailed in UK Building Regulations Part M, we recommend this matter be discussed with a building control officer.
Minimum Staircase Width & Length
The maximum width of a public staircase is 1800mm. To overcome this you can simply add an extra handrail, newel and spindles to divide the staircase.
If stairs are more than 1000mm wide it must have a handrail on both sides.
Length of Staircase
For public buildings the length of a staircase is limited to 16 risers maximum.
UK Staircase Landing Regulations
1. Landings must be provided at the top and bottom of every flight of stairs.
2. The landing distance in front of the top and bottom step must be longer than the width of the staircase (see diagram).
3. No door should swing closer than 400mm onto the front of any step.
4. All landings should be level other than the ground floor level which can have a gradient but not exceeding 1:20/2.86°/5%.
UK Staircase Winder Regulations
For most staircases, the building regulations require the centre of the winder tread depth (dimension “A”) must be equal to or larger than the depth of the going on the straight flight (dimension "B"). If the staircase is wider than 1000mm, call the Pear Stairs for assistance on 01938 553311.
UK Regulations for Handrails & Balustrades
Stairs should have a handrail on at least one side if they are less than 1metre wide, or both sides if they are wider. Stairs do not need a handrail on the bottom two steps.
In all the buildings handrail height should be between 900mm and 1000mm measured from the top of the handrail to the pitch line.
Handrail Spindle Spacing for Stairs and Landings
Regulations stipulate that a 100mm sphere should not be able to pass through any openings between spindles or any other gaps in the handrail, such as between glass panels. This is to prevent small children from getting their head stuck.
Staircase Building Regulations are covered by further regulations parts M1 and M2 that sould be discussed with a Building Inspector.
UK Staircase Headroom Requirements
A headroom of at least 2m is required at all points on and off a staircase and as you pass down a staircase.
Loft Conversion Headroom
For loft conversions, the headroom can be a minimum of 1.8metres at the low-ceiling side of the stairs and a minimum of 1.9metres in the centre of the staircase width.
If difficulties arise, some building control officers may allow you to build a newel out from the wall to meet the regulations. This does make the staircase narrower but may be the only option.
Regulations for Open Riser Staircases
For public and egeneral access stairs, open risers are not allowed at all, though glass risers can achieve a similar aesthetic.
The Staircase Specialists
Pear Stairs are able to assist with any staircase regulation questions you may have, give the team a call on 01938 553311 or send an email to webenquiries@pearstairs.co.uk
To discover the vast range of stair parts available, visit the Pear Stairs online store.
